Infographic, cumulative

Infographic, cumulative natural gas wells drilled in Pennsylvania, January 2005-April 2012.

The animation illustrates Pennsylvania's relatively recent transition from conventional vertical wells (black diamonds) to horizontal wells (red diamonds), drilled mostly in sections of the Marcellus, Utica, and Geneseo/Burket shale formations located in the northeast and southwest portions of the state. The animation also shows that as horizontal drilling increased, the number of vertical wells—which are typically less productive—fell, resulting in an overall decline in the state's new well count. For the full Today in Energy article, visit here.

Published on May 23, 2012

This interview is an episode from ‪@The-Well, our publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the

This interview is an episode from ‪@The-Well, our publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the ‪@JohnTempletonFoundation.

Subscribe to The Well on YouTube â–º https://bit.ly/thewell-youtube
Watch Kaçar's other interviews with The Well â–º https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_B7bI1QVmJAmONCikHTWjOU9TiJYETHs

What if evolution isn’t just about the strongest winning?

Astrobiologist Betül Kaçar explains that life survives by working together, not just by competing. To elaborate, she uses an example about microbes in the Black Sea that help other organisms by sharing energy. True evolution, she says, is not about being the best alone, it’s about connection, cooperation, and learning to live together.

Read the video transcript â–º https://bigthink.com/the-well/cooperative-survival-rethinking-evolution/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=youtube_description_bigthink

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About Betül Kaçar:
Dr. Betül Kaçar is a University of Wisconsin-Madison professor and NASA-funded research leader exploring life’s early evolution. Her team has developed methods to uncover ancient biological innovations. She earned her Ph.D. in Chemistry from Emory and trained at Harvard in Evolutionary Biology.

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About The Well
Do we inhabit a multiverse? Do we have free will? What is love? Is evolution directional? There are no simple answers to life’s biggest questions, and that’s why they’re the questions occupying the world’s brightest minds.

Together, let's learn from them.

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During this event, grassroots, Indigenous, Black, Brown, and frontline women and gender diverse leaders, global advocates, and policy-makers shared perspectives and analysis on the climate crisis

During this event, grassroots, Indigenous, Black, Brown, and frontline women and gender diverse leaders, global advocates, and policy-makers shared perspectives and analysis on the climate crisis and COP27 and how we can confront deepening interlocking crises and accelerate a path forward, advancing just and resilient community-led solutions.

Speakers Included: Jacqui Patterson, Founder and Executive Director, The Chisholm Legacy Project, USA; Diana Duarte, Director of Policy and Strategic Engagement, MADRE, USA; Farhana Yamin, Associate Fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme Chatham House, UK; Jade Begay (Diné / Tesuque Pueblo), Climate Justice Campaign Director, NDN Collective, Turtle Island; and Comments and moderation by  Begay , WECAN Executive Director.

This event is part of the Women’s Earth and Climate Action Network (WECAN) three-day Climate Justice Forum: “Facing the Climate Emergency on the Road to COP27: Solutions and Perspectives from Global Women and Gender Diverse Leaders,” taking place September 20-22.